Virgin Group – Richard Branson

RICHARD BRANSON’S VIRGIN GROUP —Problems— Although certainly notorious, Richard Branson’s Virgin Group has experienced several problems. In the short-term, brand overextension has become a threat since the company has entered multiple markets. Brand overextension leads to damaging the comprehensive Virgin brand. Since the Virgin brand itself is the company’s greatest asset, protecting the brand image is critical. The Virgin brand image has a connotation of value and lifestyle. Due to many joint ventures, licenses, and alliances with other companies, the objective of the â€Å"Virgin experience† could be destroyed.Furthermore, as Virgin becomes more global and more adaptive to individual cultures, the customer experience will certainly vary, again leading to brand overextension. For example, although the United Kingdom may condone Virgin’s racy and edgy advertisements, other parts of the world, as our group testifies, views such materia l quite explicit and even shocking. Thus, while Virgin enters different markets, negative impacts can arise, hindering Virgin’s brand. A second short-term problem is Virgin’s financial information that is fragmented, hard to locate, and even interpret.With the company’s different alliances and joint ventures, questions about the financial health of the Virgin group were being asked. Thus after examination, Virgin faced financial challenges that led to negative cash flow. This was mainly due to the Branson’s approach of stand-alone basis where the most profitable company’s revenues financed new market entrances. Despite some profitable areas of Virgin, many did not generate cash. Therefore, as Virgin grows, a more systematic approach must be implemented to create synergies between businesses. Long-term problems also exist for Virgin.First is Branson’s close affiliation to Virgin. What happens if the public tire of his exploits? What will happ en to Virgin when Branson 1 leaves? An implication of these questions is that Virgin needs Branson. Virgin’s strong brand is fortified by Branson’s own personal values. A second long-term problem for Virgin is the company’s little formal structure and management system. Although this structure presently works for Virgin, allowing the company to be viewed as entrepreneurial and innovative, in the long-term creativity must be managed at Virgin. Company Analysis— After analyzing Virgin through various analytical frameworks including internal/external analysis, SWOT analysis, and value chain analysis, we have discovered the importance of Virgin’s strong brand and diversification strategy. In sum, Virgin’s strongest capability is the company’s strong brand. The brand’s foundations of entrepreneurship and eccentricity result in Virgin being a strong customer-oriented company. Since the Virgin brand is so strong, the company has been able to diversify into many new markets.Diversification for Virgin is made possible by joint ventures and strategic alliances that are ultimately less risky. Thus the Virgin brand leverages Virgin’s resources. Furthermore, Branson’s values are revealed in the Virgin company. The brand image, which is the motor of the company, results in innovative start-ups that keep Virgin both successful and sustainable. —Alternatives— To continue Virgin’s success, we have identified several alternatives. First, Virgin could go public; thereby gaining additional capital that could be used to fund new start-ups.The disadvantage with this alternative is that Virgin would be forced to abide by formal accounting rules, which Branson states he does not favor. Furthermore, Virgin’s brand could become diluted since the image would move towards a more traditional stance. 2 A second alternative is that Virgin’s management could designate Branson’ s su ccessor and prepare that person to take on the task of CEO. The advantage of this alternative is that the fate of Virgin is not attached to Branson alone. This could help separate Branson from the Virgin brand that allows Virgin to flourish as a company, and not merely an extension of Branson himself.Additionally, new leadership could prove beneficial for Virgin’s long-term success, and namely deciding Virgin’s structure. However, Branson’s absence could also weaken the brand in the short-term. Since the public easily identifies with Branson’s traits as loyal and fair, customers could perceive Virgin negatively. To thwart such initial negativity, Virgin could slowly implement the new successor, allowing him or her to also revel in the spotlight alongside Branson. Thirdly, Virgin could dispose of unprofitable companies.This consolidation would result in money saved and the creation of a more formal organizational structure. Therefore, across the board, Vir gin would be able to have a more uniform decision processes. Consolidation would also reassure investors since the corporate structure would be less complex and financial data more readily available. The motives for diversification are growth, risk reduction, and profitability. If Virgin cannot achieve those goals through the diversification strategy, then there are no reasons why Virgin should keep unprofitable companies.Focusing on related industries would then give Virgin expertise; and thereby creating both value for shareholders and exploiting economies of scale. Furthermore, Virgin could allocate resources among the firms more efficiently, giving Virgin better future strategy formulations. 3 —Recommendations— One must analyze Porter’s essential tests that that include the attractiveness test, cost-ofentry test, and the better-off test, to determine whether a diversified strategy has a sustainable competitive advantage.Because Virgin’s strong brand i s firmly embedded in the company’s corporate structure, the attractiveness test reveals that many—though not all (example is the unprofitable Virgin Money)— of Virgin’s diversified companies are attractive. Secondly, costof-entry must be considered. For Virgin, many entry costs are feasible, because profitable Virgin companies support the new start-ups. And thirdly, the better-off test shows that new companies within Virgin must be profitable and add value.Although many new companies do not add financial benefits, the new companies do add brand value. Thus the answer to the question whether Virgin is a successful diversified company is clearly yes. Overall the diversification works quite well. However, we do recommend that Virgin exit the unprofitable industries and consolidate. This would be beneficial in the short-term as capital immediately becomes available. Furthermore, this would also help Virgin in the long-term as only profitable companies remain, allowing Virgin to increase revenue.In looking at Virgin’s long-term success, we recommend that Virgin continue its short-term strategy of further developing expertise in key areas. Thus, long-term market saturation would be avoided, while also maintaining Virgin’s strong brand awareness. Despite Branson’s strong presence, we also suggest that Virgin slowly implement a successor. Virgin’s brand is about personality—indeed the company needs a strong focal point. As humans are not immortal, the slow implementation of a new personality could also capture the public’s attention. 4 5

French Canadians as Second Class Citizens

French Canadian as 2nd class citizens Since Canada was first formed the French were looked at as the â€Å"white negroes† and second class. This has caused multiple problems in the co-operation of the Canadian people. They were treated this way from all angles. At work at school on the streets in politics and ever at home. 33% of French were unemployed and those who did work were at English owned businesses and industries. Most were being payed the same as the females during the second world war. In the schools children were being taught a different religion in a different language. On the streets 1 5th of the people spoke English. Maurice Duplessis 20 April 1890 – 7 September 1959 served as the 16th  Premier of the canadian province of Quebec  from 1936 to 1939 and 1944 to 1959. A founder and leader of the highly conservative  Union Nationale  party. During the Duplessis reign of 1946-19594 many Anglophone Canadian investors were the owners of the majority of the companies in Quebec. On March 24, 1937 Maurice passed the Padlock law. The law was ill-defined, denied the  presumption of innocence, and clearly denied the right of  freedom of speech  to individuals. Although it did have large restrictions on the English living in Quebec. This law was one great step for the French Canadians. During World War 2 many thousand of men and some women went to war, but most French Canadians did not want to volunteer to fight in the war. This brought on the conscription crisis of 1944. Because conscription was declared late in the war, only 2463 conscripted men reached the front lines. Out of these, 79 lost their lives.

Becoming a nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Becoming a nurse - Essay Example Other than treating patients without discriminating amongst them, I need to ensure that while treating patients I take into account the education, socioeconomic class, gender and ethnicity into consideration in order to deal with different patients in different ways. For example: needs of patients belonging to a lower socioeconomic class would be different as compared to those who belong to a higher socioeconomic class. Since their backgrounds are different there is ought to be difference in the causes of the diseases they are experiencing and these different causes need to be considered while creating treatment plans for them as different treatment plans will help eliminate different issues. I even need to ensure that I consider the personal traits of the patients while dealing with them. For example some patients are quite aggressive in nature while others are quite calm. While dealing with aggressive patients I need to keep myself calm and help them in understanding their

(managing human capital) Traditional performance appraisal methods and Essay

(managing human capital) Traditional performance appraisal methods and why it leads dysfunctional behaviour - Essay Example Performance appraisals are undertaken to assess the individual, a team, or an organisational unit's progress as far as its function is concerned. They can be based on personal assessment of the ratee based on a prepared rating scale depending on the systems preferred by the management. In the general context, performance evaluation is a good tool to reward and recognise outstanding performances and correct or counsel employees with poor accomplishments (US Department of the Interior, n. d) Traditional methods of performance appraisal methods may differ in usability between private and public organisations. But they have similarities as far as the rating systems are concerned. Old systems use review processes in which the supervisor writes his ratings and opinions of the performance of a subordinate based on a form. In some organisations, the staff member is asked to fill out a self-review to share with the supervisor. In most cases, the appraisal reflects what the rater can remember and not a comprehensive evaluation. It is based on feelings and can be judgmental in nature (Dulewicz, 1989) Considering that humans have emotions, traditional assessment techniques and even some present methods are mostly ceremonial rather than a thorough assessment of the personnel's o

Movie Provoked and Divakaruni's story The Disappearance Essay

Movie Provoked and Divakaruni's story The Disappearance - Essay Example It is about their experiences as they – especially the wives – fall down headlong the rabbit hole that is marriage. Jag Mundhra’s movie Provoked is based around similar themes, too. In The Disappearance, there is a seemingly perfectly ordinary couple whose marriage had been arranged together after the man had given his approval of the prospective bride. This is one thing that is quite common in the Indian culture; the man has the choice of choosing his wife whereas the girl is not given the same courtesy. When Kiranjit expresses doubt about her marriage stating that â€Å"(she didn’t) even know him†, an acquaintance tells her that â€Å"(she doesn’t) need to† (Austin and Gupta). The man in the book, too, has certain ideas in his minds regarding what his wife should be like, he wanted a partner who was â€Å"a quiet, pretty girl† and â€Å"not brash† (Divakaruni par. 8). Even though he lived in the United States, he still wanted someone who was the epitome of the typical Indian wife and not one who had â€Å"too many western ideas† (Divakaruni par. 8). He wanted a meek minded wife who would not interfere with his d ecisions but was smart enough as to not embarrass him in front of his friends. They get married within the week regardless of the fact that they do not know each other at all. Appearances can be misleading after all. The wife does seem like a spineless creature who follows her husband’s wishes but, in the end, it is she who manages to escape her empty life knowing that her son was safe. In Provoked, Deepak comes off as a charmingly romantic hero who loves Kiranjit but it is after their marriage when he starts showing his true colors, she is â€Å"emotionally, physically and sexually abused for ten years† (Austin and Gupta). To an outsider, the marriage written about in The Disappearance is quite good compared to the normal standards. The woman does all the housework and takes care of the son whilst the man goes out to earn money. So when she disappears, everyone thinks that she has come across an accident. For all intent and purposes, the husband does seem to have some good characteristics especially when compared to certain men who consider their wives to be their property. He lets her go out on walks daily so that she can have â€Å"time for herself† and is only â€Å"happy to watch his little boy† unlike some husbands who consider all the childrearing to be the job of their wives (Divakaruni par. 3). He is proud of himself for â€Å"being an honest man† and drills in the importance of the same moral in his son, too (Divakaruni par. 5). He lets her decide on how to furnish the kitchen and what places to visit. He is careful not to hurt her and imagines himself to be â€Å"a good husband† who indulges his wife (Divakaruni par. 10). It is not until later that the reader realizes why exactly the wife ran away from him and her child, and how the man is the same as the others but just has the ability to sugarcoat everything. Again, there are the double standards about the Indian male and female regarding the right to say no amongst other things. The husband wanted a smart wife which he got but when s he mentions going â€Å"back to school† to school, he does not allow her to (Divakaruni par. 10). Kiranjit is not allowed to continue her studies or fulfill her mother’s dream about being a lawyer. He forbids her from getting a job as well as dressing up in American clothes even though they would have helped her fit in the strange, new land. When Kiranjit dresses up in Western clothes, Deepak tells her not to â€Å"

FEA program Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

FEA program - Assignment Example In the past, primitive models were used to come up with models with some having to exemplify on and model using hands. In as much as this is relatively good, the time spent and the accuracy of these models varied tremendously leading to errors. However, with an increase in technological aspects of the engineering environment, it is imperative to connote the ease in simulation that is made possible by improved technology. Many simulation programs exist depending on the field of application. For example, when dealing with simulation of circuits a program like Circuit Maker or in animation, Autodesk are just a few examples. In this assignment, the learner utilizes Ansys Workbench as the Computer Aided Engineering simulation program. The main reason for utilization of this software program is such that it will be possible to show divergent aspects of a simulation including loading, constraints, and cosmos to analysis and component performance. The beauty of this exemplification is in the fact that all the simulation is done in the context of engineering thus it becomes possible to understand various aspects of a component. All these elements and considerations tend to rely on finite element methods. It is good to note that when dealing with finite elements, a complex problem is subdivided into smaller actual problems such that the complexity of the problem is consistently eliminated by dealing with the problem in piecemeal form. History suggests that the source of finite simulation approach is in the fact that ancient scientists found it hard to deal with complex elasticity as well as structural analysis challenges that are inherent in the world of civil engineering as well as aeronautic engineering (Mori, Osakada & Takaoka 1996). To be able to solve these challenges, engineers came up with a five-step process that allows them to break the challenge into manageable pieces that are easier to deal with at every stage. The first aspect that has to

Use of marijuana for medical purposes in Florida Essay

Use of marijuana for medical purposes in Florida - Essay Example As per these scientists, the chemicals contained in marijuana have lot of potential for treatment of various diseases. Due to these reasons, more and more people support the arguments regarding making it legal for medicinal purpose (Norml, 2015). In fact, more and more states in the country are legalizing the use of marijuana in medications. Till the last count, twenty four states of the country have allowed the use of marijuana for various medicinal purposes. As regards legalizing marijuana, the primary US stakeholders are the law enforcement wing, the medical community and of course, the citizens. As per a survey, the strongest supporters of legalizing marijuana are the 18-35 age groups (Millennials). On the other hand, the most vociferous opposition is from the age group of 70-87, the Silent Generation (Pew Research, 2015). The people who are supporting the use of marijuana point out that marijuana can be used for various medicinal purposes. One of the main uses of medicinal marijuana is to reduce pain. There can be many reasons of the pain, such as a normal headache or a fatal disease such as cancer, or any long-term health issue such as nerve pain or glaucoma (Harding, 2015). If the patient stays in a state where it is legal to purchase medical marijuana, he or she can get marijuana card with permission of the doctor. Further, he or she can enroll in the list so that they can purchase medical marijuana from any authorized seller. The other diseases where medical marijuana can be prescribed are weight loss that is caused due to chronic illness such as nerve pain or HIV, the seizure disorders, muscle spasms due to multiple sclerosis and Crohn’s disease. Some other health issues include the treatment for nausea caused due to cancer chemotherapy (Harding, 2015). Although there are experts who swear regarding the medicinal

I don't know Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I don't know - Essay Example â€Å"The Toxic Reef† portion of this side of the museum is rendered to serve public view an insight about the unfavorable effects of toxic wastes and the levels of toxicity that occur to induce stress on the underwater corals. Through certain architectural items mounted in the historic sites of the museum, it may be observed that such sculptures consist not only of the visual elements which artists had put to shape and form. Plant shelters like nests and moss-looking structures are embedded on the rigid pieces to serve the purpose of art and haven for birds and other small flying creatures that seek places of refuge. This beautiful scene is likely schemed to attract visitors not merely with the classic and modern concept of art but even with the sight of dynamic nature that goes well with it. A couple of fellow visitors have remarked about experiencing the sight and sound of lovely singing birds that seem to dwell in comfort among the architecturally built vast figures. In the conservation may also be found the â€Å"bee skep† which is said to be a conventional beehive patterned after the basic human invention of honeycomb made of an upside-down coiled basket. On the outside, the â€Å"bee skep† appears too plain for a viewer who would expect a more significant detail, but on actually getting real close to this exhibit, a specific unique smell lingers. At first, there emerges strange sense of odor in smelling the material from the inside but in a longer span such odor becomes interesting, as though an instant connection to understanding the habitat of bees is established. To this extent, a visitor realizes the essence of keeping the Indiana State Museum where, besides feasting on the delightful looks of human creations and versatile artistry, gaining of socio-environmental consciousness annexes cultural awareness. Consequently, the sentiment evolved for the pieces of

Social Media for Business Essay Example for Free

Social Media for Business Essay Introduction. The area under discussion in the following assignment is to quantify the possibility of a deviation from accuracy in the fifty samples formed from a selection of data, following their questionnaire rejoinders. Questioning in which there is a relationship between the kinds of social media is and the type of business. Moreover, does this relationship exist for the reason that day by day more people use social media? (NielsenWire, 2010).This assignment’s first directional hypothesis, testing the first question is: The longer a company use the social media, the more improver’s its customer’s relation. This assignment’s second directional hypothesis, testing the second question is: The longer a company use social media, the helpful to raise companies’ profile. This assignment third hypothesis is: The more skilled companies’ employees are in using social media, the more customers attracts to the firm. Firstly this assignment will review the questionnaire follow by my personal critique. Secondly, present its ‘findings in a variety of tables and graphs followed by analyse and discussion relate on the literature review. This assignment will end with a personal suggestion for future research. Questionnaire. According to Sekaran and Bougie 2009, our data collecting method was questionnaire. A questionnaire is a pre-formulated question, in particular written set of questions to which the respondent records his/her answers. Students at Canterbury Christ Church University Worked under the guidance of Zoodikers Consulting Ltd were the general administered of the questionnaire research that had been considered for this assignment. In addition by choosing a questionnaire in the method of collecting data will increase the chance that more people will respond on our survey. Due to the fact that a ‘questionnaire’ can be complied in short period of time and that the exact questionnaire had been contain with close questions. In result, this questionnaire was not monotonous to its targets and it could achieve its aim of research. (Michaelidou, et al, 2011) For this assignment the questionnaires had been mail to the responders with a result of delayed he data analysis and some of them di dn’t return. In my personal opinion, the questionnaire is clear and easy to understand, particularly it include close questions at the beginning and slightly more complex questions later in order to be more clear and easy to the target group. Certain questions have nearly the same meaning such as, question seven with question nine, also the question ‘My company accepts and adapts to new technology’ displays two time on the questionnaire. Also if I were going to do this questioner again, I would situate more questions that can be specific on how the social media help companies raise their profits and also make specific questions on what social media platform companies use and for what main reason do they use each one. For example: Which social platform helps your company raise its relationships with customers, as feedback gathering. and which social media does your company use in advertising and promotion. As well as an issue arises in question three with the time that a company is using social media. Is been consider that is need more time to see the difference on using social media in many factors. It may be restored with longer time between the answers. Perhaps using: 6months, 12 months, 18 months, over than 24 months. In my personal view this information consider more useful. However, the questionnaire perform fair-minded part in not asking personal questions such as, responders name etc.(Fisher, 2010). It leads the respondent over the questionnaire and continues with general questions followed by more focused questions. According to the fact that our target was people who work in companies and by this I mean that people, who have general education level ensure that everyone could answer it easily. For the most part the frequently use of ‘strongly agree’ scale makes it relatively easy for there audience to select answers and become more comfortable with the questions format. An analysis and discussion of results. Primarily, you will note from the first pie chart below that approximately all companies are using social media platforms. In particular, over forty nine samples that filled in only one company do not use social media platform. Another research shows that firms use social media as a daily part of business (Carter, 2011). This authorise that social media proves to be very important for organisations (Shih, 2009), additionally evidence (e.g. Shih, 2009) recommend that social media is one of the most important tool on running a company. In the second pie chart you can see that manufacturing and transport companies do not use social media. According to manufacturing executive (Can Manufacturing use Social Media to improve its image?, 2012) manufacturing lives outside the world of social media se antithesi with transport companies (Social Media in Transportation in 2012, 2012). However, business services companies that have as most important implement the communicate, collaborate and share information (Enders, Hungenberg, Denker, Mauch, 2008) In order to test the first hypothesis we will test the variable: ‘How long has your company been using social media?’ against another variable: ‘Our relations with customers have improved since we started using social media. ’The table below shows the results of a cross tabulation to the question ‘How long has your company been using social media in addition to agreeing with the following statement Our relations with our customers have improved since we stared using social media. A Chi-squared distribution method will be used in this assignment in order to test its hypotheses. Through this test is going to make clear to whether the collected data are close to the results that been expected. The Chi-squared test for the above data is 3.620254 through a significance level of 10% and that means that there is 10/100 possibility that the results that had been gathered are by pure chance. In addition according to the Chi-squared test, the lowest level of confidence that is acceptable is 5%.In other words there is uncertain fact in the first hypothesis. Furthermore, the literature approve that social media is becoming a core element for businesses in the form of Customer Relation Management (CRM) (Beard, 2010).In particular, as well as known as ‘user-generated communication’, create a new source of information by changing the tools and strategies that companies use to communicate and interact with their customers. (Mangold Faulds, 2009). Another finding by Jacques et al (2011) is that internally networked firms share easier information and carriage them on decision making. The below area graph is displaying the results that had been found. From the below chart it is noticed that all companies start using social media more than 4 months. From the time of 4-6 months only 9% ‘strongly agree’ and 36% ‘agree’ to the statement. Companies that using more than a year the social media shows that there are more certain that social media improve their customer relations, which 24% ‘strongly agree’ and 44% ‘agree’ with the statement. To test the second hypothesis, this assignment took the variable ‘How long has your company been using social media?’ compare it with ‘Social media has helped the company to raise its profile’. In other words how do social media have impact on companies’ profit? The below table shows the results: According to the above table you can see that as the time past that a company use social media then the more raise the companies’ profile. The findings noted that of the forty nine individuals only four of them are ‘not sure’ or ‘disagree’ with the fact that social media is increasing a company’s profile. Correspondingly it’s has been note that on the companies that has been using social media for 4-6 months, only one company,9% ‘strongly agree’ and 9 companies 82% ‘agree’ that is effective on the company profit. However with finding, 38% ‘strongly agree’ and 53% ‘agree’ companies that using social media more than a year are further sure that it’s have excessive impact on companies’ profile. The Chi-squared test data is 8.395945 with significant level of 10% which with the intention of this there is 10/100 probability that the findings that had been collected are through pure chance. In other words, due to the fact that the lowest level of significance confidence is been acceptable is 5% this hypothesis is uncertain. Furthermore the fact that Small, Medium Enterprises (SME’s) have found that using social media is a low-cost, affective marketing tool (Fischer, et al 2011) confirm that it’s reduce firms expenses. Moreover, in 2009 Facebook, a social network site had 206.9 million unique visitors globally (NielsenWire, 2010).This information increase and in my way of thinking ensure that firms by using social media are raising their profiles. To test the third hypothesis, this assignment compare the following variables: First, We have become skilled in using social media. with the second, Social media attracts new customers to the company. additionally the following hypothesis will investigate whether there is a difference on how skilled are companies employees in using social media, with how can affect on attracting new customers to the company. On the below table you can see the results of the third hypothesis. Its been recognise that Chi-squared is analyse on how two variables related to each other. In particular by comparing samples we discover whether there is significantly difference from each other. Its ensure us that our scores are not relate on chance. On the third hypothesis, the Chi-squared test data is 36,161934 with significant level of 1% which with the intention of this there is 1/100 probability that the findings collected are by means of pure chance. In other words, the second hypothesis has been confirmed. These all support the literature argument on the strong connection and big influence social media allows firm to have with the customers (Berinato Clark, 2010 cited in Fischer et al 2011).As well as allows for the firm to converse with customers and creating effectively a fan base (Volpe, 2008 Fischer et al 2011). On the other hand others literature arguments show that staff may not be familiar with social networking sites (Michealidou et al 2011) and that some of them ignore social media because they don’t have the knowledge of how to use it to an advantage (Kietzmann et al, 2011). This assignment point to test the results of an open question, nonetheless the few amount of responders on ‘open question’ make it unreliable to compare the relationship between these responses by means of another variable as the information is pure. Conclusion Furthermore the analysed of the statistic data answer the research questions that had been set out in the introduction of this assignment. For the most part, this assignment shows that there is a relationship between the use of social media and their relation with customers. This is due to the good communication channels that contain in social networking sites. Finally, proving that there is a relationship between the skilled an employee is in using social media the more customers will attract to its company. This is the reason that university is making a lot of effort in making student be aware of social media and be able to use the ‘power’ of it. The future research that this assignment could look into is what social media platform companies use and for what main reason do they use each one. Reference Beard, D. (2010) Do it right: Social media for B2B firms, Marketing (00253650), pp. 19-19 Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=buhAN=52909723site=ehost-live (Accessed 25/10/11) Carter, M. (2011) ‘Small but nimble’, Computer Weekly, p. 19. (Accessed: 13 November 2011) Christodoulides, G. (2009). Branding in the post-Internet era. Marketing theory, Vol 9, Issue (1), PP141-144. Sage publications Ltd. Available at: http://mtq.sagepub.com/content/9/1/141.abstract. Date accessed 5/11/11. Constantnides, E. (2008) ‘The Web 2.0 as Marketing Tool: Opportunities for SMEs’ Mendeley,9,3,pp.231-244. [Online] DOI: 10.1057/palgrave.dddmp.4350098 (Accessed: 9 November 2011). Enders et al., 2008A. Enders, H. Hungenberg, H.-P. Denker, S. Mauch The long tail of social networking: Revenue models of social networking sites European Management Journal, 26 (2008), pp. 199–211 Article | PDF (395 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (16) Fischer, E, Reuber, R (2011) Social interaction via new social media: (How) can interactions on Twitter affect effectual thinking and behavior?, Journal of Business Venturing, Volume 26, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 1-18, Available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883902610000856 (Accessed 1/11/11) Fisher, C (2010). Researching and Writing a Dissertation. 3rd ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. pp.210 217. Fisher, T. (2009). ROI in social media: A look at the arguments. Journal of Database Marketing Customer Strategy Management, Vol. 16 Issue 3. PP189-195. Available at: http://www.mendeley.com/research/roi-social-media-look-arguments/ Date Accessed: 6/11/11 Jacques, B. and Chui, M. (2011) ‘How Web 2.0 pays off: The Growth Dividend Enjoyed by Networked Enterprises’ McKinsley Quarterly, 2, EBSCOHost [Online] Available at: http://web.ebscohost.com (Accessed: 13 November 2011). Kietzmann, J., Hermkens, K. and McCarthy, I. (2011) ‘Social media? Get Serious! Understanding the Functional Building Blocks of Social Media’, Science Direct, 54, pp. 241-251. [Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.bushor.2011.01.005 (Accessed: 26 November 2011). Mangold and Faulds, 2009W.G. Mangold, D.J. Faulds Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix Business Horizons, 52 (2009), pp. 357–365 Article | PDF (207 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (33) NielsenWire, 2010NielsenWire Led by Facebook, Twitter, global time spent on social media sites up 82% year over year, January 22 2010 Available at: http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/global/led-by-facebook-twitter-global-time-spent-on-social-media-sites-up-82-year-over-year/ (2010) [Accessed 26 November 2010] Michaelidou, N., Siamagka, N. T. Christodoulides, G. (2011). Usage, barriers and measurement of social media marketing: An exploratory investigation of small and medium B2B brands, Industrial Marketing Management, (0), Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019850111001374 (Accessed 25/10/11) Russell, M.G. (2009) A call for creativity in new metrics for liquid media. Journal of interactive advertising, Vol 9. Issue 2. PP 44-61. Available at: http://www.warc.com/Content/ContentViewer.aspx?MasterContentRef=c78bc957-b78e-4f47-99f3-776b68c045d1q=+Social+Media-+Metrics. Date Accessed 11/11/11 Sekaran, U and Bougie, R (2009). Research Methods for Business. 5th ed. Chichester: John Wiley Sons. pp.197. Volpe, M. (2008, March 5). How to use Twitter for marketing and PR [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://blog.hubspot.com/blog/tabid/6307/bid/4034/How-to-Use-Twitter-for-Marketing-PR.aspx http://www.manufacturing-executive.com/thread/1013 http://blogdg.ctl.ca/2012/01/social_media_in_transportation.html

Tyler Mcallister Essay Example for Free

Tyler Mcallister Essay In the last few years he has been in and out of more allergy doctor offices than he can count. Not to mention the fact that he has nightmares ever since his father died. If that werent enough, his mother and brother are both successful movie stars who are often off on location for long periods of time. The last thing he wanted was to go to a forbidden quarry and find a dead body. But that is exactly what happens to him while there with his friend Lymie. This is just the beginning of bad luck for a boy named Tyler McAllister. Tyler McAllister is very skinny and weak. Mostly because he is a vegetarian. He has a very rebellious nature. This could possibly be caused by not having his mom and brother there as much as he wants. It’s very strange that he rebels because he dislikes trouble. But he does in fact like solving mysteries. Believing in justice is one reason that Tyler likes solving mysteries. If you try to go against the law you must be punished for it. Another reason is when he starts at something he must finish it. Through almost the entire story Tyler is solving little mysteries that lead up to solving the biggest mystery of all. Who killed the janitor Bobby? For a kid who doesn’t like trouble, lately he has been getting in it a lot. He’s discovered places that he probably should not have been in. Like the forbidden quarry where he found the janitor’s body. He even got sent to the principal’s office for talking back to the teacher after falling asleep in class. Tyler McAllister is a skinny, rebellious, mystery solving guy. Who doesn’t take no for an answer. His personality helps him solve the mystery of Bobby’s death. Then at the end of The Trouble with Lemons Tyler McAllister finally gets the birthday he wants. By: Tori Bakeman

Strategic Management and Leadership at Tesco

Strategic Management and Leadership at Tesco Introduction: To increase the competitiveness of every business unit corporate leaders implemented and adapted one of the best way called Strategic Planning in the mid 1960s. Strategic planning is a combination of long term process taken step by step of its action to produce best instructions in terms of its drivers may not get wrong strategy (Mintzberg,1994). Background: Tesco is the UKs most successful and high profile supermarket and one of the worlds leading international retailers. Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen at east London in 1919. The name came about after Jack Cohen bought a shipment of tea from T.S. Stockwell. He made new labels using the first three letters of the suppliers name (TES), and the first two letters of his surname (CO), forming the word TESCO (tesco.com). Tesco is the market leader of the supermarket industry in UK with revenue of  £38.558 billion including VAT and  £62.537 billion of revenue worldwide in 2010 (tescoplc.com). Even in this recession Tesco has made an incredible  £3.4 billion profit worldwide this year (guardian.co.uk). Task 1: understand the external environment affecting the organisation 1.1: Importance of external factors affecting TESCO PESTEL analysis: A PESTLE analysis for Tesco must consider all the important external factors impacting on the company. These factors may have political, economic, sociological, technological, legal or environmental dimensions. Tescos operations obviously have a significant environmental impact, from fossil fuel use to packaging issues. Reducing the demand on the planet is a challenge for any big company. Tesco must look at all the six factors we have mentioned, which are discussed below: Political: The increase numbers of political instability can affect the business by the Democratic government, political legislation. Economic: rate of inflation, interest rate, competition demand, employment level, income level Sociological: population demographics ,Lifestle, pattern of social interection, Religion, Believes, Norms Technological: Level of skilled Manpower, Transportation. legal: Employment laws, Consumers protection laws, investments laws and Health Safety laws (Class lecture). Environmental: climate change is affecting supply and transport, how can Tesco adapt (Class lecture). 1.2 The needs and expectations of stakeholders in TESCO Stakeholder analysis: Stakeholder analysis is the document information is provided for the key stakeholders Names and organisation, their role in the project, their level of interest within the company, their influence in the individual project and suggestion for managing relationship among each stakeholder Schwalbe (2007). Stake holder is person or group of people who have legitimate interest in the company and who have direct and indirect communication to the company. Stakeholder analysis system Tesco can apply to know the needs and expectations of stakeholders in Tesco. Organisation Customer Supplier Employees and Managers Government Media TESCO external relationship with TESCO Connected relationship with Tesco Who have internal relationship with Tesco Who is externally linked with Tesco Who have external relationship with Tesco Role in the project Who buy their shopping from TESCO Supply the product to Tesco Who work for Tesco Who impose the VAT, Taxes, rent and rate etc Supply the information to customer about Tesco Product. Unique fact Quite demanding for quality of product Requires on time payment for supplies To be treated fairly and getting promotion Government regulation is obeyed by Tesco Quality of product available for Customer Interest Personal Value for money Timely payment Continuity of businesses Personal Job security Career opportunity Employment for community Taxation Adherence to regulation Protection of public interest Informational to target audience Level of influence Very high level of Influence Moderate level of influence High level of influence High level of influence Low level of influence (Modified form of Stakeholder Analysis) 1.3: Analyse the major change taking place in the external environment and how they would affect the strategic decision in Tesco. Tesco as one of the multinational retail supermarket is undergoing a major Economic change in the external environment. It has identified the Economic change of its market extension in Asia despite the Economic down turn. Tesco has identified the Asian supermarket as a long term opportunities for them. It has been continuing the investment in Asian market through the Economic downturn to make sure that Tesco will be in an even stronger position as the recession recover. As the market extension plan increasing Tesco has its plan of open 4.9 m square ft in this year (including shopping mall) across the region. The segment of external environment plan across Asia is explained below (Tesco plc.com). China: Tesco has the plan to base the foundation of its market in China for long term growth. It has already opened 17 hypermarkets including three Lifespace shopping centres in deferent cities. It has also the plan of opening 23 hypermarkets in 2010 / 11 in the financial year in which 9 will be lifespace shopping mall (Tesco plc.com). Economic factors: Economy in China are getting stronger and stronger day by day as the all developed countries are moving to China to invest as that countrys Economic environment growing up. As the China is the world most populist country in the but the unemployment rate in that country are comparatively low than any other developing country. The inflation rates are getting lower and lower as the economy getting faster. Political factors: China is a communist country but the political environment and the situation is very stable. China has legislated its countrys government legal and policy as to be comfortable for foreign investor. Technological factor: China has the most updated Technology in the world. It has the infrastructure of providing the sensitive technology to the rest of the world. As all the supermarkets buy the latest technology for their company from china so the Tesco can better implement the technology in China. Task 2: Review the existing business plans and strategies in Tesco 2.1: Using appropriate tools to analyse the effect of current business plan in Tesco The appropriate tools of analysing the current business plan are to do SWOT analysis and BCG Matrix analysis for Tesco. SWOT analysis is to know what Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats Tesco have in order to run the current business. BCG matrix analysis helps Tesco to develop appropriate strategies for each product. 2.1.1. SWOT Analysis: Strength: Tesco is the largest Supermarket chain in the UK (4811 outlets) Tesco has very strong brand name and financially powerful It has more than 90 years of service sector history (established 1919) It has grew up through acquisition It is third largest retailer in the world. Better use of technology and marketing Weaknesses: It is potentially would be difficult for Tesco to focus in single market for specialisation as it is entering numbers of different markets. Diversification into unrelated and less experience businesses (e.g. Insurance). Unclear environmental policies High dependency on UK domestic market. Opportunities: Strategic alliance with other company which is good opportunity for Tesco. Market extension is one of the conducive opportunity for Tesco Joint venture can bring good opportunity for Tesco. Tesco.com is online shopping site for Tesco can be attractive for Tesco. Threats: Intensive competition in the UK with Sainsburys, Marks Spencer and Morrisons, ASDA Government Cut and increases in Tax will have retrospective effect on Tesco Finances organ Customer is always the big threats for Tesco 2.1.2. BCG Matrix analysis: The BCG Matrix Star Computer games Financial products (credit cards and insurance) Question Mark? Or Problem child Tesco Mobile Cash Cow Fresh produce Groceries/wine fashion Dog Saucer crisp packaging High Market growth rate Low High Low Relative Market share Star: Tesco is a Star with high market share and high market growth retail industry. It is because Tesco has the potentiality of generating significant income. Tesco is investing more money to attain maximum benefit of being a Star. Cash cow: Tesco could be considered as a cash cow with high market share but high market share. Because its Distributions, Quality and extra service to the consumer and equipped with new innovation product in the UK. It has to maintain the current strategy and the existing market activities. Question mark: Tesco is definitely not the question mark. Because of the Tesco financial service, Tesco insurance and the Tesco Mobile has not yet have the maturity in the market. Dog: Tesco can be considered as a Dog in that case of removing the idol product from the Market. 2.2. Review the position of Tesco in its current market: Reviews the current market position of Tesco is the best process of evaluating its present performance in the market and identify the market share and market growth. Tesco market position Chart: Retail market position Tesco: The given chart shows Tesco has 30.3% of present market Sainsburys: Sainsbury has total 16.5% of present market. Asda: The given chart shows Asda has 16.9% of current market share. Morrison: Morrison has 12.3% of current market position Waitrose: Waitrose has 4.4% of present market position. Others: the combined market position of Aldi, Netto,and Lidl stood at 18.6% (wall street journal,2011) 2.3. Evaluate the competitive strengths and weakness of Tesco current business strategies 2.3.1. Competitive strengths: Tesco is the largest Supermarket chain in the UK Tesco has very strong brand name and financially powerful It has more than 90 years of service sector history It has grew up through accusations Tesco represent in 4811 locations It is third largest retailer in the world. Better use of technology and marketing The largest retailer in the world after Wal-Mart and Carrefour. Performing its operation in 13 countries worldwide Strongly committed for corporate social responsibility. It has been famous for Food, Drinks, Clothing, Electronics, Financial services, Telecom, Home insurance and for Tesco fuel (Tesco SWOT analysis, 2010). 2.3.2 Competitive Weakness: Customer is big threats for Tesco. Environmental disaster can bring the business down like-snow fall, volcanoes etc. It is potentially would be difficult for Tesco to focus in single market for specialisation as it is entering numbers of different markets. Lack of experience in insurance and phone market may be destructive for their business. It has very high transportation cost Vast amount of fuel used for transportation which not friendly to the environment Most dependency on UK markets can be risky in the case of market down turn. Tesco position in of high price product can reduce the revenue in the competitive market (Tesco SWOT analysis, 2011) 2.3.3 Evaluate the effectiveness in Tesco: Tesco as one of the multinational supermarket in the UK has its Strength is very competitive and constructive against the competitors. Tesco has enriched its strengths to be competitive in the market. Tesco has the strategy to implement the strength in the wider field. It has mainly identified and selected the strengths for expansion its markets internationally. Tesco has its weaknesses very little comparing to the strengths. The effectiveness of the Tesco weaknesses is to transform them into potential strengths. Tesco has the weakness is to identify them and focus to avoid the potential risk which may arise. Task 3: Developing options for strategic planning for Tesco 3.1: Using modelling tools to develop strategic options for Tesco Porter generic strategy has been identified the appropriate strategy for developing strategic options. According to porter Competitive strategy is the search for favourable competitive position in the industry, which can erode or improve depending on a firms choice of strategy. (Porter, 1980). It has identified four conceptual steps which is indented to identify the competitive advantages in the business performance (Eldring, 2009). Porter Generic strategies Cost leadership Differentiation Cost focus Differentiation Focus Broad scope Narrow scope Source of Competitive Advantage 3.1.1. Cost leadership: Tesco has the attempted to become the low cost producer in the retail industry in order to accumulate highest t profit by setting a standard product price. It has the strategy to focus on low cost leadership strategy in every activity and invest the extra profit into the Market. 3.1.2 Differentiation: Although Tesco follows the cost leadership strategy but it is price sensitive and responsible for quality product. 3.1.3. Cost focus: Tesco as the UK largest supermarket retailer do not follow the cost focus or niche market strategy. 3.1.4. Differentiation focus: Tesco as one the biggest supermarket in the UK has differentiation focus strategy of identifying the segmented market among the competitors to remain reliable and competitive. 3.2. Developing a comparative understanding of activity from Tesco in the market According to Laura lake A positioning map, is a useful tool for planning your position relative to your competitors position. It helps you map key attributes of you and your competitors product, service or business. A basic positioning map containing a graph that has two points: one being high quality and other opposite site of the graph representing low quality. Rank yourself and your competitors on the graph based on the perception of the consumers (Lake, 2009). A consumer positioning map is a tool which is intended to identify the position of a brand in the market and rank the company by the market place it has in the market. Consumer Position Map High Product Quality Premium brand Bargaining Brand Sainsburys Tesco Asda, Waitrose High cost Low cost Cowboy Brand Economy Brand Marks Spencer Ice land, Lidl, Aldi. Co-operative Low product quality Tesco Market position 3.3. Create options to form the basic future Tesco strategy Creating options to form the basic future Tesco strategy could be Ansoff Matrix. Tesco as one of the giant supermarket in the UK has remained highly competitive with the competitors. Tesco corporate Strategy has made us to understand the reason of being most high profile supermarket chain in the UK and one of the worlds leading international retailer. Ansoff Matrix to analyse Tesco future Strategy Ansoff Matrix for Tesco Current New Market Penetration UK core retail market Product Development Non-food retail market like Tesco Mobile, Insurance, Cloths, Tesco fuel. Market Development International retail market Like Asia, Europe, United States Diversification Non -food retail market (organically and non-organic diversification) Current New Source: Tesco corporate Strategy 2010 Task 4.Develop a strategic plan for the organisation 4.1 A suitable structure that would ensure participation of all stakeholders in Tesco. Stakeholder analysis and stakeholder is suitable structure that would ensure participation of all stakeholders in Tesco. Stakeholder Mapping Level of interest Low High A GOVERNMENT B SUPPLIERS C CUSTOMER D INVESTOR Low Power High Government: Government has low level of interest by the change Tesco brought into service. Suppliers: Investor who put the money in Tesco has high level of interest by the change has happened. Customer: Customer has low level of interest of what Tesco has brought the change. Investors: Supplier as internal stake holder has high level of interest of what change has brought into Tesco. Stakeholder analysis: Stakeholders are those people who have legitimate interest in Tesco. There are six steps of analysing the stakeholder in Tesco. Those steps are Step 1.Identify stakeholders: Identifying the stakeholders is the first step of analysing the stakeholder in Tesco. The stakeholders are in Tesco is Customers, suppliers, Buyers, Employees Managers, Community, Government, and Media. Step 2.Prioritise Stakeholder: Prioritise the stakeholders in Tesco according to their attribution is very important element of bring the development in Tesco. It is an effective process of gradual involvement. Step 3.Develop an engagement strategy: One of the important element of stakeholder analysis is to develop an engagement strategy of stakeholders with Tesco. It brings the commitments and individual duties belong to individual into practice. The methods of involvement could be: Meetings, presentations, Group facilitation, Delegating, develop and share a change plan. Step 4.Map their profile: Mapping their profile according to their level of influence and Level of interest is significant element of analysing stakeholder profile. Step 5.Optimise their support: Stakeholder analysis is the effective way of involving Stakeholders into direct and indirect approach of Tesco activities. Optimising their support means, the support is provided by stakeholder is to utilise them in the best possible way. Utilise the support of stakeholders resources. Step 6.Monitor changes: Changes may come according to the demand of time. It is vital to monitor the changes may come potentially. 4.2 Develop criteria for reviewing potential options for strategy plan Developing the criteria for strategic management plan is a form of various sources. The reviewing options are to identify the effect of management strategy in Tesco. The options consist of Attractiveness to stakeholder: The criteria that involve the stakeholder must have the attractiveness to the stakeholder. It should reserve the interest of Stakeholder and to be attractive to them Feasibility studies: Tesco has Human resource management of 472,000 people work for Tesco. It has got Technological approach of applying the self service till and online shopping service for the consumer. Effects on Market position and share: The criterion of making the potential options for strategic plan is to assess the effect on present market position (30.3%) and the share it has. Risk assessment: The option for strategy plan is to identify the potential risk and assess it properly which may arise anytime during the strategic plan. Cost benefit analysis: Commercial Cost benefit analysis is a process of measuring, comparing and identifying the commercial cost that involve the investment in return of benefit in Tesco. 4.3. Construct an agreed strategic plan that includes resource implication: Construct an agreed strategic plan that includes SOSTAC. This can be applied to identify the resource implication. SOSTAC stands for S- Situational, O- Objectives, S- Strategy, T- Tactics, A- Application, C- Control. Among all the meaning of SOSTAC Application could be used for an agreed strategic plan that includes resource implication. Tesco resource implication Activities 2011 2012 Budget Research(cut the cost of living) Reward(share to be given to staff) Outlets(in china) Community Environment Jan June July Dec Jan June July Dec  £200 millions  £98 millions  £170 millions  £7 millions . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. Source: Tescoplc.com Task 5.Examining factors Tesco strategy plan: 5.1 Compare core organisational values with current business objectives of Tesco. Tesco as a most successful high profile supermarket retailer in the UK and one of the worlds leading international retailer has generated its core organisational value with its current business objectives. Ethical value with objectives: Tesco as the one of the giant supermarket has very strong Ethical value with its stakeholder. It has 91% of suppliers around the world say Tesco treat them with respect. It has the plan of roll out ethical trading incentives schemes and Trading fairly Awards to two further product categories in the UK as key performance indicators for 2011(Tescoplc.com) Cultural value with objectives: Tesco as most successful supermarket has the objectives of creating a beautiful place to work for everyone. Tesco has 19% of board directors are women. Developing more local leaders in each country remains a key priority (Tescoplc.com) Environmental value with objectives: Tesco has more accountability of practising environmental issue. It is very responsible on environmental impact. It has got the plan of reducing carbon dioxide emission 5.5% compared to 2009. It has set up a target of become zero carbon business by 2050(Tesco plc.com) 5.2 Develop appropriate mission and vision statement of Tesco: Tesco mission statement: Treat the customers as the best way they can be. Tesco vision statement: Tesco must go with the statement of Every Little Helps. It has come through the massive amount of simply selling Groceries to Tesco extra where possible everything is available for customer. As we are growing up internationally we should remain focus of earning the lifelong loyalty as representing local. 5.3 Producing agreed future Management objectives for Tesco: Tesco future management objectives Tesco to be no 1 as a international retailer within 10 years To have 60% of the UK core business by next 5 years To be successful in non-food as successful in food.( Mobile, Insurance, electronics ) by 2015 To be recognised by community of what we do by regular contribution within next 5 years. Objectives with SMART: Tesco should implement the objectives with SMART. The SMART stands for Specific: Tesco management future objectives should be based on Specification of what Tesco need to do. Measurable: Appropriate measure must be taken in order to implement the objectives. Achievable: The objectives must be based on the potentiality of being achieved. Realistic: To avoid the unprecedented acts Tesco must place its objective on realistic. Time based: To be competitive in the market locally and internationally Tesco must utilise the objectives on time and should have proper time frame. Strategy: To be competitive in the market place Tesco need to follow the porter five forces. 5.4 Develop measures for evaluating a strategic plan: Tesco as one of the multinational high profile supermarket need to develop some measures for evaluating strategic plan. The evaluation of strategic plan is to be placed on specific elements. The strategic plan for Tesco: The area of strategic plan is consist of Environment, Communities, The responsibility of buying and selling products, Healthy choice for consumer, employees and managers. Items Descriptions Duration Environment Carbon dioxide emission to reduce By 2020 30% and 100% by 2050 Community Tesco need to work for the local community to involve them with Tesco In the relative time consume. Faire trade Healthy choice Job Tesco need to be 100% fair trade in the market Tesco need to provide more healthier food for customer Tesco need to employ more women at the high level position for not being discriminated In the comparative market time By next five years By 2015 Environment: Tesco as responsible supermarket need to broaden the climate change strategy by focusing reducing in the chain of supply by 30% by 2020. It also needs to reduce the emission of distribution network chain by 10% compared to last year. Community: Tescos community programme needs to carry out in locally in deferent culture in deferent country in order to benefit by the local people while experiencing the international. Tesco need to have a strategy Fair Trade Model when buying and selling the products. Healthy Choice for customer: To carry out the policy of providing healthy choice Tesco need to impose a strict rule of selling Alcohol. It should focus on encouraging customer to eat more healthy food in order to avoid the risk of bad and embarrassing health. To make Tesco level place for everyone it need to ensure that women are in the better represented at senior level wherever Tesco operate. It also needs to employ more local leader as a key importance. 6.2: Create appropriate dissemination process to get commitment from the stakeholder in Tesco. To get the commitment from customer and retain them with the organisation Tesco need to apply appropriate process of making effective communication to the customer. The effective dissemination processes are discussed below. Through Media: To make a positive and productive communication with Stakeholder Tesco can contact by media with to get their feedback to be more commitment with them. Newspapers: In order to make the effective communication with stakeholder Newspapers in one of the appropriate process of making them involved with Tesco. Tesco can regularly supply the information to stakeholder and let them know what is the contribution is kept by them. 6.3: Design monitoring and evaluate systems for the implementation of the strategic plan in Tesco: Strategic plan: Strategic plan that includes SOSTAC. This can be applied to identify the resource implication. SOSTAC stands for S- Situational, O- Objectives, S- Strategy, T- Tactics, A- Application, C- Control. Among all the meaning of SOSTAC Application could be used for an agreed strategic plan that includes resource implication. The strategic plan of SOSTAC is the effective plan that Tesco Can apply. Monitoring evaluating system: Monitoring and evaluating the system is discussed below. There are many types of monitoring system. Which are. Goal based Evaluation: In order to implement the strategic plan set up a goal based on evaluation in Tesco. Goal base evaluation is a conducive way of monitor the progress when the implementations are taking place. Outcome based evaluation: when the implementations are taking place check out the outcome of the progress is very important way of implementing the strategic plan Regular reports: Set up a monitoring team those will submit the report on regular based to identify whether the Strategic plan are taking place or not. Meetings: The meetings may take place on regular based between the coalition teams to know how the implementation are taking place and the results of meetings can help to develop the expected Strategic plan. Conclusion: In order to remain in the market place implementing and analysing of the strategic plan is very important for Tesco to adapt. The strategic plan is the continuous and gradual approaches of applying in to the company. Tesco as one of the most successful international retailer it should follow the strategic plan to be more competitive among the rivals.

Experience of World War One Portrayed by Siegfried Sassoon and Erich Re

Whilst patriotism and romanticism initially called men to war in 1914, by 1918 the idealism soon changed with the reality of trench warfare. Soldiers from across Europe, and indeed the world, first entered World War One with innocent enthusiasm. The expectations of the young men who joined, however, were shaped by the culture of age. It was the romantic mood of the time which essentially reinforced the hope that war would be won in honorable battle and ‘be over by Christmas’. These expectations were far from reality. The experience of war at the Western front was marked with the realities of modern warfare. Indeed, the old methods of fighting yielded to a static war of attrition, characterized by great battles, such as that of the Somme in 1916. However, it was the periods spent in rest that most dramatically affected the morale of individuals over time. The ceaseless artillery bombardment and futile offences created uncertainty and frustration among soldiers in the tre nches. And it is their experience of disillusionment and war weariness, which is most poignantly reflected in the literary evidence of Siegfried Sassoon and Erich Remarque. Whilst such literary works are limited as historical evidence, collectively, they provide a telling review of the war experience in Britain, Germany, France and Australia between 1914 and 1918. Soldiers entered the war in 1914 under idealistic expectations. By mid-September, 500 000 men had volunteered in Britain, and by 1915 over one million had joined up. What precipitated these men to join was, essentially, the culture of age. It was war propaganda in Britain, Germany and Australia that most significantly shaped the romantic and idealistic mood of the time. More so than ever, the war ex... ... illusions of 1914. In a culture of age, which portrayed war in a patriotic and romanticised image, the soldiers flocked expecting adventure and heroism at the front. Then, there came the period of harsh reality in the trenches. In the great battles of 1916 the soldiers experienced attrition in battle and harrowing living conditions at rest. It was, therefore, the combination of physical and psychological factors that most significantly affected individuals over time in the trenches. And then later, there came the final agony of 1918. The frustration and bitterness which met the soldiers over time is most profoundly reflected in the literature of war. Simultaneous to these developments were the war experiences of women at the home front. In any case, by November 11th 1918 the armistice had ended the war. However, the difficult task of making peace still lay ahead.

John Gotti Essay -- Essays Papers

John Gotti If ever there was an incubator for crime it was the Italian Harlem tenements of the South Bronx. In one of those crowded dirty apartments, a young John Gotti seeked an impoverished existence with his parents and eleven sisters and brothers. His father rarely worked and then, only at menial jobs, risking the money that the family did have on gambling. Eventually the family moved to central Brooklyn, which was known as East New York. In East New York, for a poor boy like John Gotti with nothing in the way of prospects, the Cosa Nostra represented something to which he could realistic aspire to gain the power and respect he craved. He started as many young boys did, running errands for the gangsters, molding himself into a young bully with a future. His first major incident with the police occurred when he tried to steal a cement mixer and it fell on his feet, an injury that affected his gait for the rest of his life. He quit school at sixteen and rose to leadership in a local street gang of thieves called the Fulton-Rockaway Boys, named after two streets in their neighborhood. At an early age he exerted his bad temper, dominance and readiness to engage in fistfights. These were just the right characteristics to develop his potential as a Mafia boss. In the mid-1960's, Gotti's boss Carmine Fatico moved his headquarters out to Ozone Park near JFK Airport. Gotti, his brothers, Angelo and Willie Boy became relatively successful hijackers. That is, until they got caught in 1968 and landed in prison. In 1972, when Gotti got out of prison and went back to Ozone Park, the headquarters had been imaginatively renamed the Bergin Hunt and Fish Club. Two important things happened in his life to significantly lift his status in the Cosa Nostra. The first was that his boss Carmine Fatico faced a loansharking indictment, so Gotti became Fatico's man on the street to keep him informed about what was happening at a grass-roots level. The second was that Gotti met Neil Dellacroce, an important under boss to Carl Gambino. Neil accomplished Carlo's violent dirty work from a headquarters in Little Italy's Mulberry Street called the Ravenite Social Club. Neil, who was disappointed that his only son Armond became a drug addict, saw in Gotti a young protà ©gà © who was a younger version of his own violent, macho self. Lik... ...h as traffickers and as users. As a result, they have become more greedy, selfish, more violent. Many have chosen to forsake omerta, the traditional vow of silence and turn in other family members to save their own skins." Mr.Lombardo himself stated that there were no men of honor anymore. He states: "It has changed since I first joined in the 1940's, especially in the last few years with the growth of narcotics. Greed is causing younger members to go into narcotics without the knowledge of the families. These younger members lack the discipline and respect that made "This Thing" as strong as it once was." Bibliography: 1. Ianni, Francis. Black Mafia. New York : Simon and Schuster, 1972 2. Kelley, Robert J. â€Å"Organized Crime : Past , Present, and Future.† USA Today July 1994 3. Mueller, Tom. â€Å"Cosa Nostra† The New Republic 15 April. 1996: 17-18 4. Reuter, Peter. â€Å"The Decline of the American Mafia† Public Interest Summer 1995 5. http://www.naxs.com/people/mmachi/mafia/ 6. http://www.naxs.com/people/mmachi/mafia/ 7. http://www.pressanykey.com/mafia/history.html 8. http://members.aol.com/whizkid01/hist.html 9. www.ganglandnews.com

Chapter 1 Lecture Notes

ECON 1023 Fall 2011 Instructor: Gibson Nene Chapter 1 Lecture Notes: Limits, Alternatives and Choices The economic perspective or economic way of thinking takes the following concepts into consideration: * Scarcity and Choice * Purposeful Behavior * Marginalism: Benefits and Costs Scarcity and Choice Economics is about wants and means: * Society has the resources to make goods and services that satisfy our many desires. * However, our economic wants far exceed the productive capacity of our limited resources – our resources are scarce. Scarcity Definition: means that society has limited resources and therefore cannot produce all the goods and services people want In other words economic resources are scarce and wants are infinite. What is the meaning of scarcity from the consumers’ perspective? * Scarcity refers to limitations in consumption of the goods that are available because of limited income * Consumers have an income constraint. Because resources are scarce when we choose to produce something we simultaneously make the choice to forgo producing something else. * When a good is produced, the resources employed can no longer be used to make another good. We must decide what we will have and what we must forgo. Such sacrifices are referred to as opportunity costs. Opportunity cost Dfn: The value of the good, service or time forgone to obtain something else. When you choose to go to college, you forgo some potential income earnings. So Economics studies the choices made by individuals and societies to utilize sca rce resources to satisfy unlimited wants. Purposeful behavior We make decisions to achieve desired outcomes * We are not always perfect in our choices Human behavior is assumed to reflect rational self-interest Economics assumes that individuals seek to increase or maximize their utility: pleasure, happiness or satisfaction * As consumers we assume you are purposeful in deciding what goods and services to buy. * You want to get the best out of their choices * Business firms are purposeful in deciding what products to produce and how. * Governmental entities are purposeful in deciding what services to provide and how to finance them. * In an nutshell, society seeks to get the best out of every choice. Does rational self-interest mean that individuals are selfish? It turns out that a lot of people help society through charitable donations, expertise without expecting you to pay for the service. Marginalism: Benefits and Costs What is the meaning of Marginal in economics? Marginal means extra, additional a change in. A change from the staus quo. e. g. should I study an extra hour for the exam? Should I buy an extra pair of shoes? Every decision involves marginal benefits (MB) and because of scarce resources, marginal costs (MC). Which choice would make you better off? MB=MC, MB>MC, MB Theories > Laws and principles > Models Economic principles are statements about economic behavior that enable prediction of the probable effects of certain actions. * They serve as tools for ascertaining cause and effect (or action and outcome) within the economic system: * â€Å"Purposeful simplifications† – simplify complex reality * Generalizations – make statements about typical or average consumers, workers, or business firms * Ceteris p aribus (Other things equal) – all variables except those under consideration are held constant * Graphical expression – many models are expressed graphically Microeconomics versus macroeconomics Microeconomics studies individual decision-making units, such as a consumer, a worker, or a business firm. Macroeconomics studies the economy as a whole or it aggregates. The economic problem Individual’s economic problem The economic problem faced by individuals can be summarized using a budget line What is a budget line? Suppose you received a $120 Barnes and noble gift card as a birthday present. The card expires soon, so you want to use everything on the card on books and DVDs. Your Budget here is $120 Two goods, DVDs Price $20 and Books Price $10 First step in constructing a budget line. Construct a table showing the alternative combinations of the two products that are available. Graphing the budget line What do we learn from the budget line? Trade-offs and Opportunity costs Implications of a straight-line budget constraint Choice Limited income forces people to choose what to buy and what to forgo to fulfill wants. What happens to the budget line when your income changes? A reduction or decrease in income: Suppose the gift card has $60 on it and prices do not change. You still want to buy the same two goods, DVDs Price $20 and Books Price $10. The budget line associated with a reduction in income. An Increase in income: Suppose the gift card has $240 on it while prices of DVDs and books remain the same The budget line associated with income increase Society’s economic problem * Economic resources are scarce * What are economic resources? The production possibility model * Assumptions Production possibilities table Lists the different combinations of two products that can be produced with a specific set of resources, assuming full employment. Assume a simple economy producing only Pizza and manufacturing equipment. Type of Production| Production Alternatives| | | | | | | | A| B| C| D| E| | | | | | | Pizza(hundred 000s)Manufacturing equipment ( thousands)| 010| 19| 27| 34| 40| | | | | | | Production possibilities curve The law of increasing opportunity costs A movement from point A to point B: Movement from point B to point C Movement from point C to point D Movement from point D to point E The shape of the curve PPF Example 2 Below is a production possibilities table for consumer goods (automobiles) and capital goods (forklifts): Type of Production| Production Alternatives| | | | | | | | A| B| C| D| E| | | | | | | AutomobilesForklifts| 030| 227| 421| 612| 80| | | | | | | | | | | | | The PPF If the economy is at point C, what is the cost of one more automobile? Of one more forklift? Explain how the production possibilities curve reflects the law of increasing opportunity costs. If the economy characterized by this production possibilities table and curve were producing 3 automobiles and 20 forklifts, what could you conclude about its use of its available resources? What would production at a point outside the production possibilities curve indicate? What must occur before the economy can attain such a level of production? Suppose improvement occurs in the technology of producing forklifts but not in the technology of producing automobiles. Now assume that a technological advance occurs in producing automobiles but not in producing forklifts. Now draw a production possibilities curve that reflects technological improvement in the production of both goods. Optimal allocation of resources Marginal benefit curve The marginal cost curve The intersection of the two MB=MC MB>MC MC>MB PPFs and Unemployment, Growth, and the future Unemployment or underutilization of resources Economic growth Present choices and future possibilities Investment in future goods such as capital goods, research, education, and medicine, promotes economic growth. An economy that invests more in these future goods versus one that invests in current goods. Presentville: more consumption today and less production of future goods Futureville: less consumption today and more production of future goods. Futureville will have a greater production capacity in the future and greater consumption in the future when compared to the one that favors present goods. Which economy made a better choice here?

Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror Essay

â€Å"Do we fear terrorism so much that we throw out our Constitution, and are we unwilling and afraid to debate our Constitution? † -Rand Paul We are living in a world that has been overwhelmed with war; a war that many of us will never have to physically fight but one that challenges us mentally every day. A war of terror and the constant battle against it. We have been overwhelmed with events that have led us to feel safety may be unattainable and at some point, when we are no longer able to protect ourselves physically, we have to rely on our legal system to protect us from evil in the world. It is sometimes hard to believe that anyone who acts against us would have legal rights at all but we live in a country that promotes freedom and allows everyone to be innocent until proven guilty. In the United States we are provided civil liberties that protect us, but can those rights get in the way of stopping an enemy and protect the wrong person? In the following paragraphs I will discuss in detail one legal action that was created to protect you and me, but in recent years has raised questions that challenge us to see that protection differently and maybe allow you to answer the question Rand Paul has asked. Habeas Corpus is an English common law that has existed for centuries as a â€Å"fix† of sorts for a legal system to protect a person being kept in custody. When used correctly, it essentially gives that person, or someone directly representing that person, the right to ask why they are being restrained and kept from other common laws and protects them from unlawful imprisonment. If held for reasons that cannot be explained then the law allows them to be released. This right can be suspended for various reasons but was put in place to allow for a balanced court and containment system. (http://legal-dictionary. hefreedictionary. com/Habeas+Corpus). In modern America, it is easy to relate Habeas Corpus to our Sixth Amendment rights that state, â€Å"In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense. (http://www. usconstitution. net) For centuries, there have been questions asked about the depth of the right to Habeas Corpus as explained in the constitution but we cannot fully understand it is intended and thorough meaning until we explain its history that lies in the early English legal system. The term Habeas corpus translates from directly from Latin â€Å"You may have the body. † It is commonly thought that Habeas Corpus was first used in the early 1300’s while King Edward I was in power although previous monarchs exhibit the use of similar procedures dating back the 12th century. William Blackstone explains the legal action by saying, â€Å"The King is at all times entitled to have an account, why the liberty of any of his subjects is restrained, wherever that restraint may be inflicted. † While this action had been used for centuries before, the specifics of it weren’t officially defined until the Habeas Corpus Act of 1679 as an Act of the Parliament of England. Since it is definition has been established, Habeas Corpus allows a prisoner or a third party to issue the legal action and petition a superior court against unlawful detention. If the individual is being held unlawfully, that prisoner can be released by the court or as we may explain it today, be offered bail. ( http://www. constitution. org) While Habeas Corpus is most commonly related to English history and has since evolved to its place in American History, it also has been molded for other modern legal systems in Australia, Canada, Germany, India, Ireland, Malaysia, New Zealand, The Philippines, Scotland, and Spain. Each of these countries has altered the original definition to suit their society and legal system but they align somewhat directly. On more than one occasion in United States history, this legal action has been suspended, allowing the legal system to lift the right from the people for the sake of greater safety. Within the United States constitution, specifically Article One, Section 9, Clause 2, it is explained that â€Å"The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. † (www. usconstitution. net) In earlier American history, suspension has occurred often during times of war. During the Civil War President Abraham Lincoln chose to suspend the writ of habeas corpus because he heard mobsters had intended to destroy railroad tracks that connected Philadelphia and Annapolis. These lines were essential for the Union during that war. What is interesting about this instance that we don’t always see is that the president did not lift the right across the board in all legal situations. It was specifically issued to those directly impacting those involved with the destruction of the rail lines. Less than a year after issuing the order, Lincoln ended the lift and allowed most prisoners to be released. Shortly after the Civil War, unrest settled upon the people of the United States and multiple groups were created in the south to fight against the rebuilding of America, Reconstruction. The most notable of these groups was the Ku Klux Klan. To protect the people based on the clause stated in the Constitution, Congress passed the Force Acts. Within them, the president was given the ability to deny habeas corpus if there was the thought that individuals were acting against federal authority and could not be stopped by ordinary means because of their serious violent nature. Directly following the attacks on Pearl Harbor in 1942, habeas corpus was suspended yet again. Martial law was declared because of the nature of the attacks on the United States. It was suspended to protect the American people from individuals who may have been secretly working to allow the attacks in Pearl Harbor to have happened or caused a potential threat again the United States. Nearly two years later, common law was restored and the suspension ended. Once the war ended though, the right to habeas corpus was questioned by the U. S. Supreme Court after multiple German prisoners who were being held in American-occupied German attempted to apply it to their detention. It was later determined that the American court system had no jurisdiction over those individuals who were imprisoned outside the United States and never crossed onto U. S. soil. This decision plays a pivotal role in the future of habeas corpus and its use during times of modern warfare, more specifically the current War on Terror. On April 19th, 1995 a bomb was detonated that completely destroyed the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. This attack killed 168 people and injured hundreds more. The bomb caused millions of dollars’ worth or damaged and remained the worst domestic terrorist act until September 11, 2001. After the Oklahoma city bombing, President Clinton and Congress passed and signed to law an act that was created to â€Å"deter terrorism, provide justice for victims, provide for an effective death penalty, and for other purposes. † the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 limited the use of habeas corpus and the power of federal judges to relieve prisoners. Six years after the bombing in Oklahoma, attacks were made on the U. S. soil on a day that undeniably changed the path of American history forever. The worst terrorist attack in U. S. history claimed nearly 3,000 lives when 4 passenger jets were hijacked by terrorist for the Middle East and crashed. Soon after the attacks, President George W. Bush spoke to the American people. He ended his historical speech saying, â€Å"Fellow citizens, we’ll meet violence with patient justice, assured of the rightness of our cause and confident of the victories to come. In all that lies before us, may God grant us wisdom, and may he watch over the United States of America. † Because of these attacks, the way we go about approaching justice had to be altered. The current legal system did not necessarily provide the best means to handling the situations we were being faced with. Our world changed and we were forced to change with it. (http://georgewbush-whitehouse. archives. gov) Shortly after September 11th, President Bush issued the Presidential military order that allowed the â€Å"Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War against Terrorism. This would allow the U. S. government to indefinitely detain non-citizens with suspected connections to terrorism or terrorists, labeled enemy combatants, without access to the rights available by the U. S. constitution including habeas corpus. The U. S. Supreme Court confirmed that the right the basic principal of habeas corpus would not be taken from citizens of the United States. In January following the terrorist attacks of 2001, the Bush Administration established the highly criticized detention camp, Guantanamo Bay located in Cuba (http://www. thepoliticalguide. com/Issues/Guantanamo_Bay/). This facility was created to detain individuals suspected of participation in the global war on terror. Similar to the ruling made by the U. S. Supreme Court after WWII, Guantanamo, or GTMO, allows the U. S. to essential play by a different set of rules. Bush set up a military commission that could try detainees at GTMO. In 2006 Congress passed the Department of Defense Appropriations Act which states that no court, justice, or judge has jurisdiction at GTMO. This basically strips all captives of their ability to request habeas corpus or have access to any other rights that U. S. itizens would have in any court of the United States. Because the lines drawn in the legal system have become so blurry over the past few years, the U. S. Government, the Commander in Chief more specifically, has found itself under intense scrutiny. There are so many sides to the debate on the War on Terror that it would impossible to discuss in its entirety in this short essay. The role of the President, Co ngress, our military, and the Supreme Court have come to question but it seems as though the clarity that is being sought after only leads to more questions and uncertainty. The media has effected this dramatically with polarized politics that force the citizens of the United States to choose a side. I feel as though fear has divided our nation. Not the fear of being attacked, but the fear of the unknown. It is easy to move passed fear when you can pinpoint the cause of it, but we live in a time where people we do not know want our lives to end and we are allowing the government that we support to bring those people to justice. The question is, how are they going about seeking that justice and many will ask if we should even ask. Do we turn a blind eye and allow the system to take care of those who act against us, or is that system what is creating the problem in the first place. In a sense it’s like asking the question, â€Å"which came first, the chicken or the egg? † Are we reacting to terrorism or is terrorism the cause of our actions? Recently we have been challenged to ask these questions because of the details surround the Boston Bombing that took place only a few weeks ago. For the first time in recent history, a legal U. S. citizen acted with intentions similar and possibly directly linked with those who we would place and try at GTMO. The problem is, while this individual is a U. S. citizen, should he be tried as one? For a few days following the attacks, it was questions whether Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the younger of the two attackers and currently only living suspect directly linked with the bombing, should be treated as a U. S. citizen or an enemy combatant like I discussed earlier. With limited rights, it would make his case difficult but where do we draw the line between using the law to protect us and using the law against others. During the time that these decisions were being made, Tsarnaev did, like many others held captive, attempt to use right to habeas corpus. It was denied after the decision was made to try him under common law with overwhelming evidence proving his association with the attacks. While details are still being brought out daily, I have to believe that our government and legal system are capable of handling this situation in a way that best protects the rights of the rest of us. I cannot explain which came first, the chicken or the egg, but I do know that our world is complicated beyond belief and while we can attempt to use reason and logic to find the best possible outcome, it is that very ability that allows many to hate us. Our rights and freedom is what seems to be causing the conflict and that is something our country, I believe, will never stop fighting for. We fear what we cannot explain. With education of the tools have been put in place we can protect ourselves and others. We need to ask the difficult questions so we can better understand how to find the best possible solution in times like these. We must to use our freedoms to debate, challenge, and change our future not hide behind them and let someone else change it for us.

Treaty of Versailles and the Nazi Rise

The Treaty of Versailles played a significant role in giving the German people a reason to elect into power the Nazi’s and their ideas on nationalism. The Treaty essentially laid blame on Germany for causing the First World War, which historian’s have come to conclude was a blatant untruth that humiliated the Germans. Germany had 13 percent of its land taken away along with 10 percent of the population, its army reduced to a maximum of 100 thousand soldiers including police and other security officials, submarines were banned from its naval fleet and massive reparations amounted to multiple billions of British pounds.Between Germany’s forced agreement in May of 1919 and the peak of the great depression in 1930, little of the excessive reparations were ever made. It is during this time that Germans had come to realize they would be under an impossible debt for decades, leaving the general populous to put great faith in the ideas of Adolf Hitler.His blame for the e conomy’s downfall rested on the â€Å"Jews† in political power for which their actions, so thoughtless of the true German supremacy, had kept Germany in economic plunder for so many years. His plan for swift economic recovery through the use of military power and authority gave hope to so many Germans who were starving for a powerful Germany, one that would not stand for French and British jurisdiction. Hitler used these ideas to assure the people that Germany would be back on its feet, and the people trusted him.It is said that there existed a belief within the German people that the powers of the Nazi party could be retracted if ever it was to escalate out of control, but such a belief had surpassed feasibility as soon as he been elected chancellor in 1933 and established the Third Reich. â€Å"German Economy in the 1920s,† Daniel Castillo, Dec. 2003, http://www. history. ucsb. edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/33d/projects/1920s/Econ20s. htm â€Å"Treaty of Versai lles,† A&E Television Networks, accessed October 23, 2012, http://www. history. com/topics/treaty-of-versailles

Political Philosophy and Ultimate Happiness Rizal Essay

Functions of the Ruling Officer: * Promote interest and welfare of the people * For the benefit of the governed * Protection of the inhabitants * Administration of justice * Advancement of the physical, economical, social and cultural well- being of the people * Preservation of the state from danger (internal & external) Ideal Qualities of Governing Politician: * Shall have the brains and ability * Political maturity * Experience â€Å"In order to govern people he does not know or understand, he ought to possess the talent of a genius and extraordinary knowledge. † * Jose Rizal. â€Å"The government who fulfils the satisfaction of human expectation is good. The Government that DOES NOT serve the needs of the people but governs to protect the interest and welfare of a few at the expense of many is not good. † * Zulueta â€Å" Government is the monopoly of legitimate use of physical power† * Max Weber * The government is committed to promote: * general welfare, * morals, * intelligence, * social justice * Ultimate happiness Rizal on the Family * Family- the basic and oldest social institution, a very important factor in shaping the character of a child. Family determines: * Child’s social class. * Religious orientation * Language * Upbringing of the children Children are Expected to be: * Loyal * Obedient Parents’ Legacies to children: * Rectitude of judgement * Generosity of rights * Steadfastness in adversity â€Å" The greatest honour that a son can pay his parents is integrity and a good name. † Rizal on Livelihood * Rizal vehemently objected Carl Marx’s Communist ideology. * He regarded livelihood as the government’s focal points to alleviate poverty Communism * ideology referring to the equal distribution of wealth. * The government scoops up all the wealth and distributes them evenly or as needed. Means of having a viable livelihood program: * Equal land ownership * Regulation of capital * Government buys from landlords and place it on workers â€Å"Regulation of Capital† was essential to combat the ill effects of capitalism. Each person’s wealth is based on his own personal production. Rizal on Justice â€Å" Justice is a constant and perpetual will to allot to every man what he is due. † Twin ideals of Justice System * Swiftness- occurrence of a speedy trial * Fairness- justice itself â€Å"Justice delayed is justice denied. † No person shall be deprived of life, liberty and property without due process of law.

Economics question and answer Essay

Economics: question and answer Introduction Question 1            War unrest in Middle East has negatively impacted on the price and quantity of oil in the market. The expectation of war from Syria and Iraq to spread to Middle East countries cause fear of possible shortages of supply as people may possibly do without oil. As a result people will buy more to store in preparation for future shortages. As the demand increases, price of oil goes up as people anticipate war unrest in the near future. When eventually the war sets in oil production is disrupted but people do not demand more since they had enough to cushion the scarcity (Kemp, 2013). In the graph illustration below, assuming the market was initially at the equilibrium. Since scarcity is expected in future people will by more (high demand) to spare for future. As the demand increase from 150 units to 350 units, the price also increases accordingly from $0.25 to $ 0.35. Graphical illustration 3411220146431000 Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 1: when people expect civil unrest the demand is high but and the prices go up. Question 2            Car and petro are complimentary good that are consumed together. Taxation on one of the complimentary products greatly influences the price of the other good. The increase in price of one good causes a corresponding decrease in the price of the other good and vice versa. For instance, taxing petrol increase its price, leading to high demand for high fuel efficient cars. Increase in demand for high fuel efficient cars results to increased price and vice versa. On the other hand increase in price for petrol leads to decrease in demand for low fuel efficient cars thus leading to their low price (Dwivedi, 2012). Many thus will buy high fuel efficient cars Graphical illustration Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 2: price of petrol increases when tax is imposed Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 3 this graph shows increase in demand and price for high fuel efficient when the price for petrol increases due to taxation Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 4: the graph show decrease in demand for high fuel efficient cars when the price of petrol goes up Question 3            The fact that suppliers cannot sell live chicken directly to consumers coupled with the fear of mass death due to anticipated chicken flu results to high supply in the market. When supply increases beyond demand the price falls down. In addition since the health official are the only buyers a monopolistic competition comes into play since the price for chicken is not control by the market forces of demand and supply (Taylor, & Weerapana, 2012). The equilibrium the will shift to the right. Graphical illustration lefttop Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 5 : Excess supplies of chicken in the market results to low demand and eventually falls in price. The farmer expects future unfavorable condition due to outbreak of chicken flue. Question 4 Price elasticity of demand is the measure of responsive of the quantity demanded of a product to price change with other factors held ( Dwivedi, 2012). Price Elasticity of Demand (PEoD) = percentage change in quantity demanded (%ΔQ) à · percentage change in price (%ΔP) %ΔQ = 35 -50 / 50 Ãâ€"100 = -30% %ΔP = 8 -6 / 6 Ãâ€"100 = 33.33% Therefore, PEoD = -30 %/ 33.33% = -0.900            As economists we are not interested with the negative sign of our price elasticity of demand and therefore we take the absolute value. Therefore, the price elasticity of demand when price increases from $6 to $ 8 is 0.9. Interpretation.            For the above case the demand for the good is price inelastic. This means that the demand for the product does not respond highly ton price changes. As evident in the computation, an increase of price by 33.3 % of the price results to a corresponding decrease of quantity demanded by 30%. The demand thus is not very sensitive to price changes. Question 5(a)            Externality is an effect or a cost of the consumer behavior that may not be borne by the consumer but by the society. This mean s that the effects are caused by the consumer but the society bears the consequences. Tobacco smoking is among the activities that cause externalities. For instance narcotic in tobacco is believed to cause lung cancer to smokers. However the external cost of providing medical care to smokers is borne by non-smokers, by smokers and the government. Additionally environmental pollution due to smoking is borne by the family members of the smoker’s friends and even non-smokers strangers. Moreover, smoking has environmental externalities that involve deforestation to create room for tobacco growing. Agrochemical used in tobacco production also adds to environmental pollution and degradation. Cigarette wastes are common in all cities, sidewalks and around homes. Although majority of these wastes are biodegradable, the filter and plastic wr appers and remain in the environment for long and the consequences of such pollution are felt by the larger society. 5(b)            The Australian government in its attempt to control and minimize the external costs resulting from tobacco imposes high tax on tobacco. High taxation on tobacco increases the cost and as a result the demand for tobacco decreases. The tax imposed is transferred by producers to the consumers (smokers). When this happens, the demand curve will shift from right to left as indicated in the graph. Figure SEQ Figure * ARABIC 6: (Tax increase the price for tobacco leading to low demand and eventually low consumption) Question 6            When entry barriers are eliminated in the market huge number of firms enters the industry resulting to excessive supply of commodities. In a market where entry barriers are limited the price of commodities is determined by the market forces since no firm has control over the market. Excessive supply that is created results to low prices of goods and services offered. In response the price the price goes down due to competition from other firm. As a result, the profit that firms were making initially decreases due. Graphical illustration 1627833top00 Question 7            Oligopolistic market structures is a type of market where by small number of larger firms control the market jointly. The firms trade in almost similar goods. Oligopolistic firms do not engage in price competetion (Vives, 2001).Basing our argument on the game theory; where the actions one firm depend on those of other firms, it is evident that when for instance one firm lowers its price compared to other firms, customers will be attracted by the lower prices resulting to other firms making economical loss in their operation. In response to this the other will lower their price slighted below the initial firm eventually attracting the customers. The other firms in the market will make loss and eventually respond by making their prices much lower compared to other firms. This process continues until the firms sell at economically a low price that is illustrated by kinked curves (Vives, 2001).There to remain competitive and make profit do not engage in price competiti on. Alternatives to price completion            Oligopolistic firms compete by using alternative modes such as advertisement, product differentiation and barrier to entry in the market. Oligopolistic firms undertake a vigorous advertisement of their products both in national and international levels. Advertisement is made to make potential customers aware of the existence of the product in the market and the good qualities associated with such good and services (Taylor & Weerapana, 2012). Advertisement is carried out through mass media and product promotion. In addition oligopolistic firms constantly differentiate their products in terms of quality and always struggle to come up with new products design that outshine those of competitors. In the recent era product differentiation has been enhanced by ever growing technology and innovation. Since oligopolistic firms compete in almost similar goods and services coming up with new products with good qualities gives a firm advantage over its market rivals. For insta nce phones manufacturing firms have constantly developed phone with new applications to remain competitive.            Furthermore, the firms create market entry barriers to new firms, a strategy that ensures that the existing share of market. The common market barriers include the patent rights, important government franchises and the existing economies of scale. These barriers ensure that the market is not flooded by many firms that in the long run may reduce the existing firms’ share of the market control. References Dwivedi, D. N. (2012). Microeconomics. New Delhi, India: Pearson Education/Dorling Kindersley. Kemp, G. (2013). War with Iran: Political, military, and economic consequences. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Taylor, J. B., & Weerapana, A. (2012). Principles of microeconomics. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning Vives, X. (2001). Oligopoly pricing: Old ideas and new tools. Cambridge, Mass. [u.a.: MIT Press Source document