Smoking Essay -- Tobacco Cigarettes

Smoking Introduction Some governments have banned smoking in all public places. Smoking has been proven to be very dangerous to health. Nonetheless 40 % of the population smokes. Actually I am a non smoker, although I used to be a smoker. Most people try out smoking when they are young ; many youths think smoking is a good grown-up habit. Furthermore many young people begin smoking as an act of rebellion and independence. Young smokers start smoking at their age of 12 or 13 just to get a taste of , what it is like. Some of them find it disgusting and unhealthy and some of them find it cool. Fact’s and Figures Tobacco use kills about 420, 000 smokers each year. According to recent studies 53.000 nonsmokers die each year from second-hand smoking. It is not surprising. Despite having plenty of anti-tobacco commercials on Television, and on every single pack of cigarettes there being an important note, chainsmokers can’t kick their bad habit. In Hungary a packet of cigarettes costs around 2 Euros. The average smoker buys a packet a day which comes to 730 Euros per year. Could you imagine , what you could do with all that money? Government intervention in the workplace Last month while I was reading the newspaper, I came across this article: „Smoking is not allowed in any public places anymore.† I found this ministerial decree, a very good decision, due to there being many smokers in my workplace. There is no assigned smoking area for them. As a consequence I ...

The True Story of Christopher Columbus Essay -- History, Discovery

He discovered the Americas. He started the first colony in the new world. He thought he was in Asia. Who is this brave explorer? Christopher Columbus. Smart and Wise Christopher Columbus was during his voyages. Christopher Columbus’s birth date is unknown but believed to be between August 25 and October 31, 1451 in Genoa, Italy (Columbus, â€Å"Early Years of Boyhood† par 1-3). His parents were Domenico Columbo and Susanna Fontanarossa (â€Å"Christopher Columbus Biography and Life Story† par 1). Christopher Was the oldest of five (Columbus, â€Å"Early Years of Boyhood† par 1-3). His brothers were Bartolomew, Giovanni, Pelligrino, and Giacomo (â€Å"Christopher Columbus Biography and Life Story† par 1). His fauther was a wool weaver who had Christopher help him. Later Christopher got a job of sailing on trade ships to Asia (â€Å"Christopher Columbus† par 1-4). Christopher as a boy always wanted to sail. He decided to find a shorter way to travel to Asia. Doing this he would become wealthy, spread the word of Christ, and to become famous (â€Å"Christopher Columbus† par 1-4). He sent Bartolomew to try to get support from England and Spain to allow the voyage but, they were denied. Then when Spain defeated Granada in 1492, Luis de Sontangel who was a royal treasurer convinced Queen Isabella that she was missing a great opportunity. Finally in April of 1492 Christopher Columbus received royal approval for the voyage (Columbus, â€Å"Success in Spain† par 1). Then on May 20, 1506 Christopher Columbus died (â€Å"The Journal of the Admiral of the Ocean Sea†, November 7, 1504 par 2). Besides all of the waiting for royal permission Christopher made some great discoveries. On Christopher’s first voyage he was sailing for King Ferdinand II and Queen Isab... ... He had really no impact on the world then because nobody knew he had discovered a new continent (â€Å"Christopher Columbus Biography† par 4). People have tried to search for the shipwrecks of Capitana and San Juan but have had no luck (Columbus’s lost ships, â€Å"The Capitana and San Juan 1503-1504†). Christopher did make a sacrifice of leaving 40 men behind to start a colony, but all those ended up being killed by Indians (â€Å"Christopher Columbus Second Voyage†) par 3). The discovery led to an age of exploration and conquering. It always showed that the world was a lot bigger than everyone thought (Levinson 99-100). After a decade passed after the death of Christopher Columbus the whole coast from Honduras to Prenambuco had been mapped (â€Å"Christopher Columbus and The Spanish Empire† par 15). So Columbus really made a important discovery but never lived to know it.

Ionic Bonds Essay

The periodic table is a masterpiece of organized chemical information. It is a table of the chemical elements in which the elements are arranged by order of atomic number. The standard form of the table includes periods (horizontal rows in the periodic table) and groups (vertical rows in the periodic table). Atoms are the basic building blocks of ordinary matter. Atoms are made up of particles called protons, electrons, and neutrons. Protons carry a positive electrical charge, electrons carry a negative electrical charge, and neutrons carry no electrical charge at all. The protons and neutrons come together in the central part of the atom, called the nucleus, and the electrons ‘orbit’ the nucleus in the electron cloud. An element is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom. For example, the element hydrogen is made from atoms containing a single proton and a single electron. If you change the number of protons an atom has, you change the type of element it is. There are 117 different elements. According to the atomic model, electrons orbit the nucleus at specific levels, or shells. Electrons fill shells, starting from the innermost, going to the outermost. Electrons in the outermost shell, which are involved in bonding, are known as valence electrons. When many types of atoms come into contact with one another, electrons can be transferred from one atom to another thus creating an ion. An ion is an atom that has lost or gained an electron. Ions form because neutral atoms become charged by the losing or gaining an electron. An anion is created when one atom gains electrons. On the contrary, a cation is created when an atom loses electrons. The octet rule is a simple chemical rule that states that atoms tend to attract each other in such a way so that they each have eight electrons in their valence shells. The octet rule is applicable to the main-group elements, especially carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and the halogens (five nonmetal elements found in group 17 of the periodic table), but also the metals in the first two columns of the periodic table. In simple terms, the octet rule says that atoms are more stable when their outer shell is filled, and therefore, atoms will lose, gain, or share electrons to completely fill their outer shells. An Ionic compound is a bond between a positively charge molecules (cations) with a negatively charged molecules (anions). Ionic compounds are formed between a metal and a non-metal. The metal loses the valence electrons to the non-metal thus forming ionic bonds due to the attraction between the cations and the anions.

Economic and social conditions Essay

If one is not historical, then it was unscientific. The historical process that had commenced for millennia in the development of societies was a product of scientific processes and vice versa. Friedrich Engels had greatly contributed to the exposition of historical dynamics. A history that was ever changing was always in constant contradiction with the forces within and without. As it had been definitely asserted, historical materialism being a part of a dialectic philosophy was not just narrowly limited to a â€Å"study†. It was a scientific process wherein events were investigated and researched. From these gathered data a hypothesis was derived and tested or compared if that assertion applied to universal condition. History thereof was a result of contradictions, a making of man, not just simply a compilation of events that transpired in the past. Only in such a way that history became a science. Thus Engels, a true revolutionary in his time, presented history according to the material basis of the existence of societies. He discussed the evolution of such societies as subsequent effects of the past that were constantly playing interconnected and interwoven stories. These stories without the other were simply incomplete, hence unscientific. Here he illustrated the formation of history as a result of humanity’s struggle to attain its aims, therefore its own creation and its own being. However, Engels’ history did not consider man simply a being with presupposed actions, knowledge or decisions. To him man was a becoming which had moulded the society that he belongs to. His propensity to survive had been inseparably intertwined with the progress of the economy and to all other aspects of social existence Facts and figures were simply not what history was. Facts and figures did say something but not substantially anything. History was a correlation and interrelationships between and among facts and figures. Without finding those connections, these facts and figures were mere ink and paper –insignificant. Hitherto, Engels’ works remained to be of great influence in the struggles of oppressed peoples and of the international proletariat. This came into reality because Engels’ works were connected to the material foundations of human existence. His ideas and theories were not alienated: theories that were felt and ideas that were tangible and inseparable from the activities of societies. As materialists viewed the nature of humankind and the processes that commenced herein, matter preceded consciousness. Engels’ historical and philosophical analysis did not surface out of mere conception of abstract economic and historical fables. They were a result of the effects of the economic and social conditions existing at that time. Societies came into reality first. From those realities a consciousness was obtained. Engels was enabled to scientifically analyze the future of societies based on the reasons that had caused past societies to progress into what they are at present. Certainly, Engels’ life was no different from the society he intended to explain. What had moulded him in becoming such a great influence in socio-economic paradigms and in the formulation of Marxism surely had a basis in his past. The events that took place during that time were interconnected with his identity. Engels himself was a laboratory of proving that man is a â€Å"becoming† and of contradictions. From these contradictions of the positive and negative factors that had gone through his age, a new form from the antagonisms of the old was drawn. Hence, his life and works were a result of scientific processes. The Friedrich Engels that we knew was a fruit of the reactions among the material conditions that he was exposed to and a synthesis of numerous theses and anti-theses.

Difference Between Civil and Criminal Law

This assignment will consider the differences in Civil and Criminal law. It will explain the roles of solicitors, Barristers, Judges and Magistrates. It will also critically look at the features of the European Court of Human Rights 4Civil law is a private law. it settles matters between two individuals and organisations. It still has the roman standard in many countries because it was originated from the Roman law. The end result is mostly damages in civil law. Example of civil cases includes Donoghue v Stevenson [1993] where Donoghue sued Stevenson for damages of ? 00 for drinking contaminated ginger beer which had negative effect on his health, Millar v Taylor (17690) is another example of civil case 5Criminal law considers crimes committed against the crown ( R ). [6]  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Government identifies and criminalises behaviour that is considered wrong, damaging to individuals through criminal law† Jacqueline Martin and Chris Turner define crime as  [7]  a conduct forbidd en by the state. when a conduct is regarded by the state as being criminal, there is always a punishment attached to it†. i. e. murder and theft.Example of criminal case includes R v Wilson (1994) and R v Brown (1991) where R stands for the Crown or the State. Criminal law was made to protect organisations, individuals, the society and their properties. They are also made to punish offenders. The aim of sentencing offenders also include reparation, incapacitation, deterrence and reformation Read more: Differences between civil and criminal | Law Teacher http://www. lawteacher. net/criminal-law/essays/differences-between-civil-and-criminal-law-essay. php#ixzz2RCimULfN Follow us: @lawteachernet on Twitter | LawTeacherNet on Facebook DifferencesCriminal law is drafted by the government. It is made by the crown ( R ) and passed by Parliament before it goes to the monarch for â€Å"rubber-stumping† as law. (This process is known as ‘Royal Assent’). Offenders are prosecuted by the Crown when they commit crimes against citizens. It is the duty of the police to enforce the law. 8Civil law applies to the principals of common law but in civil actions unlike criminal proceedings, the Crown takes no sides. The crown supplies the court, the judge and if necessary the enforcement of the judge’s rulings. Punishment 9Criminal law punishes guilty defendant by either incarceration in a jailed.There are also fine paid to the government in exceptional cases. Community service could be the punishment on offenders depending on the type of crime committed. Contrary to criminal law, defendant in civil law is not imprisoned when found liable but reimburse the claimant for losses by the defendants act. Burden of proof In criminal law, one can never be guilty without â€Å"proven 99 percent guilty beyond reasonable doubt â€Å"as per Lord Denning. When one feels that the crime committed is done due to his or her insanity, then the burden lies on the de fendant to prove it.The Crown has the right to punish criminal offenders because all crimes are against the state. For example, if one commits the crime of burglary by breaking into a house and steal, the state will prosecute the offender when even the victim brings private proceedings against the burglar. Read more: Differences between civil and criminal | Law Teacher http://www. lawteacher. net/criminal-law/essays/differences-between-civil-and-criminal-law-essay. php#ixzz2RCicKzlV Follow us: @lawteachernet on Twitter | LawTeacherNet on Facebook

Examine the portrayal of women and isolation in the yellow wallpaper Essay

Examine the portrayal of women and isolation in the yellow wallpaper by charlotte perkins gilman - Essay Example It is these factors; the treatment of herself and women in general, the "rest-cure", the isolation, and the yellow wallpapered room, which eventually drive her to insanity and hysteria. Thesis Gilman tells the story of a woman isolated in her own house through one of her own life experiences in perhaps, an over exaggerated, dramatic kind of way. During the Eighteenth century, women were generally viewed as weak. Women did not work to make money for that was a man's job. Women generally stayed around the house and did household chores. In the narrator's case, the opposite occurs. Husband John forbids for his wife to work or write while she is ill. She feels that it is this "prescription" that keeps her ill. She explains how she wants to rearrange her room if she can not have the downstairs room. John again makes an "executive" decision and says no stating that, "You know the place is doing you good, and really, dear, I don't care to renovate the house just for a three months' rental" (Gilman). It shows how men had the power over women and gave complete disregard for simple requests. The narrator in "The Yellow Wallpaper" spends so much time in her room that she eventually becomes obsessed with this yellow wallpaper. She becomes so obsessed that she actually believes that she is the woman in the wallpaper. She is the one clim bing out and reaching out through the bars. She becomes delusional. In the Eighteenth century, hysteria was more common in women. According to a professor in bioethics and assistant professor of internal health at Case Western Reserve University, Sana Loue states that "Hysteria, in particular, was believed to be an affliction specific to women. Hysteria was brought on by feelings of depression, nervousness, or crying and could manifest in the form of hysterical "fit" similar to an epileptic seizure" (Gilman). The subjugation that prevailed in the society made women treated as subhuman. They were just considered as vessels of fertility and had the mere privilege of a set of ovaries and a womb. The feminist ideologies of the narrator are evident throughout her talk. She was found subordinate to her husband John who believed that women are frail and can never make decision of their own. The narrator's great passion for life and her strong feministic beliefs do not allowed her to be in the controlled world of her husband. Her house appeared as a prison for her all through these days. The narrator was always under the care of someone, her brother and then her husband. Both of them being doctors do not understand her mind. They are least flexible and only look for her physical recovery (Bak 199). They do not allow her to indulge in something that she wanted to indulge in. She wanted to write; may be she wanted to pour out her depression into words. She was of the belief that more mental and ph ysical activity would solve her problems. She never desired to have physical rest. However her husband and brother were not able to understand this and compelled her to be under complete rest that would make her free from any activity. They were not able to comprehend their self and did not even attempt to understand her. The male dominated world never wanted the husbands to understand their wives. The narrator's husband and broth

Relationship Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Relationship Marketing - Essay Example To keep the relationship alive, relationship marketing becomes essential. This does not mean that the company should be ‘best friends’ with the client, rather it signifies the idea that a company should use a marketing system in which the marketing stress is placed on creating a long term relationship with customers which comes with the promise of repeat business rather than individual sales (Stone & Woodcock, 1995). This process involves a perceptive understanding of the client’s needs as the customers go through their lifecycle with the company and the satisfaction of those needs as the customer experiences them. Relationship marketing is based on the concepts of marketing but it uses cross functional teams that cut across various departments in a company to provide excellent and complete services to the clients. Rather than have the client go to different locations to get the pricing, service, promotions and other elements of the marketing mix, the entire marketing process can be handled by a team which comprises of various members of the company to provide multiple points of contact for customer groups (Peck et. al., 1999). Therefore relationship marketing is also considered to be a system which is similar to customer relationship management. This is done because the focus is on satisfying the needs of the customer rather than the needs of the company. In such a process, the product and the product lifecycle take differing positions of importance since different types and elements of marketing must be used as the customer and the product itself goes through various phases of maturity. Since the topic of relationship marketing is quite vast, it has been successfully applied to everything from consumable food items (Normandy & Sanders, 2004) to high end luxury cars (Stone et. al. 1996). While a chocolate might have a smaller life as a product, a good car remains with the buyer for several years if not several